We would definitely not say "16:00 p.m." (this is occasionally seen, but is an error). That's not needed when you're using the 24-hour clock. We also usually only add phrases like "in the evening", "in the afternoon", "this evening" to 12-hour times - it would be unusual to say "at 16:00 this afternoon", because the main purpose of the phrase "this afternoon" is usually as a disambiguator to clarify that you don't mean 4 a.m. We only use "o'clock" with twelve-hour times. Note: there is no such thing as "16:00 o'clock".
I might refer to 5 in the evening, especially if it was dark, but I would never refer to 4 in the evening (or even 4.30 in the evening), even if it was expected to be dark - nor do I recall hearing others do so.Ħ is probably the most conventional dividing-line: for what it's worth, Lexico defines the evening as "usually from about 6 p.m. This time of course varies and may have an influence on what time people consider "evening".
Many people refer to their dinner, or last main meal of the day as their evening meal. As midnight is the time when a new day begins it would be odd to say that 4 pm, which is closer to 12 noon than it is to midnight, is before the eve of the next day and not after noon. You're probably familiar with the "eve" of something being the moment or day just before it (eg Christmas Eve). The etymology of the word "evening" means the coming of the end of the day. It is unlikely people working these hours would consider anything before 5 pm to be "evening". The most standard working hours for most people are from 9 am until 5 pm.
Most people work during the daytime and go home in the evening. I personally think 4 pm is too early to be considered evening, but here are some things you should consider: People may well have a different opinion as to when the evening begins. It is worth noting that other similar questions have been closed as off-topic as the answers are 'primarily opinion-based'.
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